Anger in The Iliad and Genies Essay - 943 Words

Anger in The Iliad and Genies We live in a society of violence and extravagance. One can pick up a newspaper and see a headline reading â€Å"Bride Killed On Wedding Day By Crazed Ex-Boy Friend†. We live in an age of people who drive hundred thousand dollar cars. These are on opposite sides of the spectrum. We see people causing great pain and people who are trying to lose themselves in material goods, to avoid the suffering in life. This is the society we live in, which can be seen in all civilizations in the history of man. It was evident in the time of Greek heroism and the days of Hebrew culture. Life seems to be a journey to control ones happiness by avoiding craziness in oneself and others. This craziness or blind rage is called†¦show more content†¦The book of Genesis deals with the concept of Ate and anger as it almost does not exist, but refers to it instead as the act of sinning. When Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit they had sinned. In the text it said, the fruit â€Å"was plea sing to the eye and desirable for the knowledge† (3; 6) Both Adam and Eve where told not to do that, but they did. This occurrence is temptation and evil. This action of evil and temptation is the Hebrews â€Å"Ate†. This action of evil is Ate for the Hebrews. The delusion that is Ate is illustrated in these two different cultures. In the Greek text we see Ate as anger that comes from an outside force. The Greeks of Homer’s times believe that anger fuels the lives of the people. In the Hebrew text Ate is shown as temptation and evil. Genesis is a religious text, so ate is the idea of an outside force called original sin. Ate in both these cases are the driven forces that are trying to be controlled. Due to different purposes, their style caters to that. We now see that the presence of Ate exists in both the culture and style of the texts. But how does it affect the people of the time? A concrete way was to see this was to see the way it affected their bodies. The conflict and wrath of the god rears its awful head throughout Genesis and the Iliad. We see the effect of this in actual physical form in these epics. In the Iliad Agamemnon has taken Briseis from Achilles’ because his

Pursuit of the American Dream in Great Gatsby and Death...

Comparing the Pursuit of the American Dream by Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman (Essay outline also included in the word count.) People from all around the world have dreamed of coming to America and building a successful life for themselves. The American Dream is the idea that, through hard work and perseverance, the sky is the limit in terms of financial success and a reliable future. While everyone has a different interpretation of the American Dream, some people use it as an excuse to justify their own greed and selfish desires. Two respected works of modern American literature, The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman, give us insight into how the individual interpretation and pursuit of the American Dream can produce tragic†¦show more content†¦Despite receiving little payoff for his efforts, he regularly gives extravagant parties to impress others, always half expecting [Daisy] to wander [in] some night (84). Similar to Gatsby, Willy Loman from Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, bases his American Dream on the idea that public acceptance would bring him wealth. Willy believes that appearing well liked makes him successful. Willy has based his life on the idea that if you are well liked, you will never want (Miller 33). Moreover, he believes his sons appearance will make them successful because they are both built like Adonises (33). Furthermore, Willys obsession with money leads him to equate the value of an individual with their financial worth. Willy idealized his older brother Ben because he is rich (41). Willy, reflecting on his own worth, concludes you end up worth more dead than alive (98). Finally, Willy thinks that being a popular and successful businessman will win him the love of his wife and children. Willy lies to his family, by telling his sons [if there is] one thing boys: I have friends(31). He also exaggerates terribly by telling his wife he sold five hundred gro ss in Providence and seven hundred gross in Boston (35). In his final imagined discussion with his brother Ben, Willy concludes that by taking his own life he will finance his sons business venture, and [Biff will] worship me for it (135). Although JayShow MoreRelatedDeath of a Salesman Compared to the Great Gatsby Essay613 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Death of a Salesman to The Great Gatsby In the search for the American dream many things can be lost, this is reflected in the novel The Great Gatsby and the movie Death of a Salesman. Both of these works demonstrate the lengths that some people will go to in order to achieve the stereotypical life of a rich, successful and powerful American, which is often referred to as the American dream. Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller illustrates how the character Willy will stop at nothing toRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald In a majority of literature written in the 20th century, the theme of the American Dream has been a prevalent theme. This dream affects the plot and characters of many novels, and in some books, the intent of the author is to illustrate the reality of the American Dream. However, there is no one definition of the American Dream. Is it the right to pursue your hearts wish,Read MoreGatsby And Death Of A Salesman Analysis1003 Words   |  5 PagesJay Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Willy Loman in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman are both American men in pursuit of the American Dream which is, to acquire wealth, success, and prestige. 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Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, wh ich is not unlike the emotional death of Willy Loman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Miller’s Death of a Salesman. More so, Hurston’s depictionRead MoreAmerican Dream Derailed in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe American dream originated when immigrants came to America searching for new opportunities and a better life. In the early 1900’s all people could do is dream; however, those dreams gave many different meanings to the phrase â€Å"American dream†, and for the most part, wealth and hard work play a very large role in the pursuit of â€Å"the dream†. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, and Arthur Miller’s drama, Death of a Salesman, both protagonists, Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman, are convincedRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And Death Of A Salesman1241 Words   |  5 Pagesambition has been so prevalent in literature. 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Making the pursuit of dreams almost as dangerous as say a high speed police pursuit on a crowded highway, the wrong side of a cro wded even. For

Vaccination for Measles Prevention for WHO - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theVaccination for Measles Prevention for WHO. Answer: Measles is a problem which has a history of affecting people all across the world especially in developed countries. This is due to the fact that the disease is infectious. Measles is most common in the countries of Africa and Asia (Roalkvam, McNeill Blume, 2013). Infectious diseases can be prevented by the administering of vaccines. Based on the findings of the World Health Organisation, majority of infectious diseases have been diminished to a certain extent by vaccinations. The individuals who are vaccinated are protected by direct immunization and also protect unvaccinated individuals by community protection or by herd immunity. Herd immunity is basically a form of immunity which occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a p opulation or herd provides a measure of protection for the individuals who have not developed immunity. This effectively prevents the spread of diseases in the community. Vaccination has been considered as one of the major reasons for the fall in the health disparities both within as well as across countries. The threat of diseases has been dramatically reduced by vaccines. Measles is a highly infectious and potentially fatal virus which is easily spread from person to person even through coughs or sneezes. Approximately nine out of ten people who are susceptible and unvaccinated can contract the virus if exposed to someone who is already infected (Poland Jacobson, 2012). It has been suggested by public health experts that herd immunity of sorts can be achieved only when ninety percent of a population is vaccinated. However at present studies suggest that this also might not be adequate enough to prevent measles from taking hold in a particular community (CDC. 2012). Measles majorly occur in children who are unvaccinated. There are instances in which the parents choose not to vaccinate their children. In the United States, several parents have opted out due to the safety concerns for their children. This concern is present among parents of several countries despite the evidence that vaccination is safe. The institute of medicine in the US has stated in 2013 report that childhood immunization schedule is very effective (Poland Jacobson, 2012). There are several advantages of vaccination. It is one of the most useful ways of prevention of particular infectious diseases. In certain cases in case the vaccine forms the disease for which the children who are prone to particular diseases. Vaccines not only help to prevent disease but to completely remove the disease from the globe (CDC, 2012). Immunization of children aged till three years with measles vaccine appears to improve the subsequent chances of survival significantly. The impact of vaccination on the childhood mortality on study revealed that the mortality rates of vaccinated children were as much as 46% less than those for non-vaccinated children. The findings state clearly that there is a greater priority to measles vaccination within the health care programs of a primary nature. The vaccine for the measles disease prevention is quite effective but it I not hundred percent preventative. The vaccinated people protect the unvaccinated. This concept is basically that of the herd community. However in cases when more people decide not to get vaccinated, the virus has more ways to creep through, and more and more people to infect. There have been reported severe outbreaks in all the countries of the world and therefore it is needed to reduce and if possible eradicate the outbreak of the disease (Luyten Beutels, 2016). Asia was reported to have the most suspected cases of measles with China at the top of the list with the Philippines and Vietnam. There were multiple outbreaks in China as well which needed to be seeded out. Measles outbreaks have also been reported in Sudan as well as Nigeria. Therefore vaccination is necessary to prevent the comeback of the diseases which spread and this is true especially in case of the United States. There were major disease outbreaks in the Netherlands as well. In the year 2016 as well the number of cases of measles grew considerably and therefore the need of vaccination. Vaccination is highly important, as it provides protection not only for vaccinated individuals but for those who cannot be vaccinated due to the biological or genetic reasons and also in case of young babies who cannot be vaccinated due to their age. In certain cases, the government should make vaccination compulsory and introduce punitive sanctions for those who refuse to vaccinate their children. The process of vaccination should be more accessible to the parents and they should be aware of the minimization risk for the children. Television and other mass media should also interact with the government and deliver information which is scientifically relatable for the people, as in absence of information people are likely to be misled. References: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC. (2012). Measles-United States, 2011.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report,61, 253. Luyten, J., Beutels, P. (2016). The social value of vaccination programs: beyond cost-effectiveness.Health Affairs,35(2), 212-218. Poland, G. A., Jacobson, R. M. (2012). The re-emergence of measles in developed countries: time to develop the next-generation measles vaccines?.Vaccine,30(2), 103. Roalkvam, S., McNeill, D., Blume, S. (Eds.). (2013).Protecting the world's children: Immunisation policies and practices. OUP Oxford.

Introduction to Human Development Essay Example

Introduction to Human Development Essay INTRODUCTION â€Å"The human being†¦ the most sophisticated, amazing and wondrous creation in this earth. If one would take a peek at what’s inside his human body, he’ll be amazed to see hundreds of bones, miles of blood vessels and trillions of cells, all working together so he could be healthy and in perfect shape. Each organ, each body part, each a miracle†¦ Each a piece of evidence of God’s mighty providence. † This lesson familiarizes you with the principles and stages of human growth, maturation and development. It discusses how humans grow, develop, change and adapt to their environment throughout their life span. Warm-Up Did you know that there are 26 billion cells in a new born baby and about 50 trillion cells in an adult? Cells are responsible for supplying you with the energy you need, transporting oxygen around your body and moving your body parts. Indeed, every single cell in your body helps you maintain vitality and life. BASIC CONCEPTS 1. Human Development refers to the biological and psychological development of the human being throughout the lifespan. It consists of the development from infancy, childhood, and adolescence, adulthood to old age. . Development refers to the qualitative, progressive series of changes in an orderly and coherent fashion leading to maturation 3. Growth refers to quantitative changes in an individual as he progresses in chronological age. 4. Maturation is the process by which heredity exerts its influence long after birth. 5. Genetics is the science of heredity. It originated with the discovery by Gregor Mendel that hereditary characters are determined by f actors transmitted without change and in predictable fashion from one generation to the next. 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Human Development specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Human Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Human Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heredity is the passing on of physical or mental characteristics from parents to offspring through the genes. 7. Gene is a unit of heredity; a segment of the DNA which contains the instructions for the development of a particular inherited characteristic. There are about 30,000 genes that contain chemical instructions. The chemical instructions in the genes program the development of millions of individual parts into a complex body and brain. 8. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid which occurs in combination with protein in the chromosomes, which contains the genetic instructions. It consists of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine), a sugar (2-deoxy-D- ribose), and phosphoric acid, arranged in a regular structure- (two chains twisted round each other in the form of a double helix). 9. Nucleic acids are large molecules produced by living cells which store genetic information, and composed of a chain of nucleotides. Two forms are: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which is found primarily in the nucleus and ribonucleic acid (RNA), found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. 10. Chromosomes are threads within the nucleus of a cell which are the carriers of genetic material, consisting of DNA and various types of protein (histones). They occur in pairs a normal human body cell has 46 chromosomes: 22 pairs of autosomes together with one matching pair of X chromosomes in females (the 23rd pair- XX) and one mismatching pair, the X and Y sex chromosomes in males (the 23rd pair-XY) 11. Sex chromosome is the 23rd pair of chromosomes represented differently in the sexes, and responsible for the genetic determination of the sex of an individual. There are 1,000 genes in each chromosome. 12. Gamete is a specialized reproductive cell that fuses with another gamete of the opposite sex during fertilization, to form a zygote. Gametes are usually differentiated into male (sperm) and female (egg, ovum). 13. Sexual Reproduction is the act or process of producing offspring through sexual intercourse or artificial insemination. The Stages of Reproduction: 1. During ovulation period, females release and deposit sex chromosomes in the uterus. In the reproduction process, the male releases sperm cells that contain either X or Y chromosomes. The first male chromosome that meets and unites with the egg determines the gender of the offspring. If Y chromosome from the male first unites with the egg (which is an X chromosome), the offspring is male (XY). But if an X chromosome coming from the male first unites (XX), the gender of the offspring is female. 2. The successful sperm cell penetrates inside the ovum. The tail of the sperm separates to the head during this process. The nucleus of the sperm cell will then unite with the nucleus of the ovum and undergo a process called fertilization. The 23 chromosomes from the sperm cell will pair with the 23 chromosomes from the egg cell and the resulting zygote starts life with 46 chromosomes. . When the zygote is about to divide, chromosome replication and cell division arise wherein chromosomes and genes are doubled. All cells except the reproductive cells receive identical inheritance. The process of cell division continues with the chromosomes being always replicated as described. 4. Sometimes, instead of remaining together as parts of a single organism, the cells separate. Th ey develop to form identical twins. Siamese twins come from an incomplete separation of the two identical cells. 5. However, if two egg cells are fertilized separately, they develop to form fraternal twins. Chromosomal Abnormalities: 1. Turner’s syndrome- is a rare case wherein females may be born with only 1 X chromosome (45 chromosomes instead of 46). They fail to develop sexually at puberty. They show normal intelligence but with cognitive defects like poor performance in math and spatial organization. 2. Down’s Syndrome- a defect which usually stems from a failure of one chromosome of a germ cell to split in the normal way to form a healthy ovum with 23 chromosomes; an ovum with 24 chromosomes is produced, and if this ovum is fertilized, the developing embryo possesses an extra chromosome (47). The condition is named after English physician J L H Down (1828-96), and is sometimes referred to as mongolism. 3. Klinefelter’s Syndrome- a rare case wherein the 23rd chromosome fails to divide properly giving off extra X or Y chromosome (47). An individual with an xxy 23rd chromosome is physically a male but with feminine characteristics like large breasts but with small testes incapable of producing sperms. Male with XYY chromosomes are taller and unusually aggressive than the normal XY. Sex-Linked Genes 1. Sex-Linked Genes bare genes carried on the X and Y chromosomes, and the characteristics they control. In mammals females have two X chromosomes and males an X and a Y chromosome. Women transmit one X chromosome to either sons or daughters, while men pass their X chromosome only to their daughters. a. A characteristic feature of sex-linked inheritance is thus the absence of male-to-male transmission. Most sex-linked diseases in humans are inherited as recessives; with the males the affected sex (e. g. colorblindness, baldness, hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy). 2. Hemophilia is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation, resulting from a deficiency in one of the proteins responsible for normal blood clotting. STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT STAGESAGEHIGHLIGHTS 1. Prenatal Conception to birth Rapid physical development of body and nervous system 2. Infancy Birth to 2 years Motor development. Attachment to primary caregiver. 3. Childhood 2 to 12 years Increasing ability to think logically and reason abstractly. Refinement of motor skills. Peer socialization. 4. Adolescence 13 to 20 years Thinking and reasoning are more mature like. Identity crisis. Socializations to opposite sex. STAGESAGEHIGHLIGHTS 5. Adulthood 21 to 60 years Love, marriage, career and stability. . Old Age 61 to retirement Reflection of accomplishments. Physical and mental health deteriorates. A. Prenatal Stage 1. Prenatal Period- the period from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy. 2. Pregnancy is a physiological process in which females nurture their developing young within the uterus; also known as gestation. It begins when the fertilized ovum embeds itself in the uterine wall (implantation), and ends with the birth of the offspring (parturition). It lasts on average 38 weeks (9 ? onths or 266 days) from the first day of the last menstrual period, menstruation is absent (in response to circulating hormones), the uterus enlarges, the breasts increase in size in preparation for lactation, and there are other major physiological changes. 3. Fertilization is the union of two gametes to form a zygote, as occurs during sexual reproduction. 4. Zygote a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and egg cell. The zygote undergoes rapid mitotic divisions with no significant growth (a process known as cleavage) and cellular differentiation, leading to development of an embryo. . Cleavage is the process by which a fertilized egg cell (zygote) divides to give rise to all the cells of an organism. The prenatal stages 1. Germinal stage the first prenatal stage that occurs from first to second week of conception. 2. Embryonic stage the second prenatal stage that occurs fr om third to eighth week of conception. 3. Fetal stage the third and final prenatal stage that occurs from ninth week of conception to birth. STAGE AGE (week) SIZE CHARACTERISTICS GERMINAL STAGE or period of zygote (1 to 2 weeks) 1 week 150 cells Zygote attaches to the uterine lining. weeksSeveral thousand cellsPlacental circulation established EMBRYONIC STAGE or period of embryo (3 to 8 weeks)3 weeks1/10 inchMajor systems, organs, and structures of the body develop. 6 weeks? inchArms and legs develop. Jaws form around mouth. 8 weeks1 inch, 1/30 ounceBones begin to develop in limbs. Sex organs begin to form. FETAL STAGE or period of fetus (9 weeks to birth)9 (2. 5 mos. )1 ? inchFormation of brain; Gender can be distinguished. 12 (3 mos. )3 inches, 1 ounceCan smile and frown; Circulatory system working. 16 (4 mos. )6. 5 inches, 4 ounceHeartbeat is strong; Mother feels movement. 0 (5 mos. )10 inches, 5 ounceHiccups begin; hair form 24 (6 mos. )12 inches, 1. 5 lbsVisual and auditory se nses functional; eyes open. 28 (7 mos. )15 inches, 2. 5 lbsBody fat is added; brain specialization. 32 (8 mos. )17 inches, 2. 5 lbsPeriods of sleep and wakefulness. 36 (9 mos. )19 inches, 6 lbsRapid increase in weight; Gains immunity from mother. 38 (9 1/5)21 inches, 8 lbsBirth- 266 days from conception. B. INFANCY. 1. Infancy is the period of human development from birth to two years. 2. Neonate is a newborn child. 3. Capacities of a newborn: a. Newborns have poor vision and cannot see as well as an adult until about age 2. b. Newborns pay attention to sounds particularly to human speech. c. Infants can discriminate different tastes and prefer sweets like breast milk. d. Neonate can identify odors especially that of the mother. e. Infants can learn from the moment they are born and show good memories by 3 months of age. 4. Motor Development refers to the progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities. Stages of Motor Development In Infancy AGE (months)ACTIVITIESAGE (months)ACTIVITIES Lifts head up 11 Stands alone 2. 5 Rolls over 12 Walks alone 3 Sits propped up 14 (1 yr, 2 mos) Walks backward 6 Sits without support 17 (1 yr, 5 mos) Walks up steps 6. 5 Stands holding on 20 (1 yr, 8 mos) Kicks ball forward 9 Walks holding on 10 Stands momentarily 5. Critical Periods are the crucial time periods in a person’s life during which specific events occur if development is to proceed normally. In fetus, t he 6 to 7 weeks is critical for normal development of the sex organs- like deficiency in hormones. Visual corrections are critical up to 7 years old. . Sensitive Periods are periods that are optimal for a particular kind of development. First year of life is a sensitive period for interpersonal attachment. 7. Temperament refers to such mood-related personality characteristics. a. Easy Temperament is a term used to describe a child who is playful, regular in his sleeping and eating patterns, and adapts readily to new situations. b. Difficult Temperament is a term used to describe a child who is irritable, has irregular sleeping and eating patterns, and responds intensely and negatively to new situations. c. Slow to warm up temperament is a term used to describe a child who is relatively inactive, tends to withdraw from new situations in a mild way, and requires more time than easy infants to new situations. 8. Attachment is used to describe an infant’s tendency to seek closeness to particular people (especially the mother) and to feel more secure in their presence. 9. Separation anxiety is a distress among infants when a caretaker is not nearby. 10. Sensitive Responsiveness is a characteristic of a caretaker who responds promptly when the baby cries and behaves affectionately when they pick up the baby. The caretaker also tailors their response to the baby’s needs. C. ADOLESCENCE 1. Adolescence refers to the period of transition from childhood to adulthood covering 13 to 20 years old. It is characterize by a rapid physical growth known as the adolescent growth spurt. 2. Puberty is a period of sexual maturation that transforms a child into a biologically mature adult capable of sexual reproduction, which takes place over a period of 3 or 4 years. a. It starts when a female has a menarche between the ages of 11 to 17 (average is 12) and when a male begin to ejaculate semen between the ages of 12 to 16 (average is 14 1/2). . Secondary sex characteristics like bodily hair patterns, pitch of voice and muscle development are evident for both males and females. c. Changes in the intellectual abilities, body proportions, and sexual urges (together with changing relationships with parents and peers) create enormous challenges. d. Psychological effects of puberty such as moodiness, inn er turmoil, and rebellion are linked directly to the hormonal changes of puberty. D. ADULTHOOD 1. Adulthood is a stage of human development from ages 21 to 60 that is marked by both maturity and change. . It involves transition in the family relationships, including adjusting to marriage parenthood and empty nest. 2. Age-related physical transitions include: changes in appearance; sensory losses (especially vision and hearing), and hormonal changes. Mental speed declines. a. Menopause is the cessation of menstruation that usually occurs between 45 and 50 years. It is often accompanied by physical (sweating, hot flushes, vaginitis) and psychogenic (depression, insomnia, fatigue) disturbances, which generally respond to estrogen therapy. . Mid-life Crisis is a difficult, turbulent period of doubts and reappraisal of one’s life. E. OLD AGE 1. Old age a stage of human development which covers those 65 years old and above. 2. Ageism is discrimination on the basis of age, often res ulting in the denial of rights and services in the elderly. a. Dementia- is a brain disorder that involves losses of cognitive abilities and mental functioning. b. Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative disorder whose progression cannot be stopped; it is irreversible and ultimately ends in death.