Racial Profiling by Police Essay - 1669 Words

Brent Staples’ essay, â€Å"When the Paranoids Turn Out to be Right,† acknowledges the issues of racism and racial profiling committed by police. In â€Å"Fist, Stick, Knife, Gun,† Geoffrey Canada also expresses views on this issue when he asserts that police fail to protect and serve individuals in poor neighborhoods. Staples contends, â€Å"Among the day-to-day acts of discrimination that shadow African Americans, none are more stressful or dangerous than those committed by police, some of whom treat black people as criminals until proved otherwise.† (Staples. 380) Although statistics show that the looming presence of narcotics and violence is more prevalent in urban neighborhoods, police should apply the same effort to protect individuals in these†¦show more content†¦With this new evidence, millions of white people now have a substantial insight into the nightmarish reality that black people have to live day after day. In state legislative hea rings carried out by the Black and Latino Caucus of New Jersey, the interviews of former state troopers revealed that barracks bulletin boards were once covered with racial epithets and that troopers would use racist banter over the radio, describing cars with black drivers as â€Å"buckets of coal.† This testimony, along with other first- hand accounts given at this conference provides proof that when entering encounters with African- Americans, police often have a pessimistic view instead of an objective one. In addition to treating those in poor neighborhoods as criminals until proven otherwise, police also are failing these individuals when they continue to have the preconceived notion that efforts to control violence and crime in these neighborhoods are futile. According to statistics published by the U.S. Department of Justice, African Americans are disproportionately represented in incarceration rates. Among men, blacks are about six more times as likely to be admitted to prison during their life. Based on current rates of incarceration an estimated 7.9% of black males compared to 0.7% of white males will enter State or Federal prison by the time they are age 20. Also, Lower income households were more likely than higher income households to experienceShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling by Police Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pages    There are many types of racism in America that cause people to make accusations against law enforcement for discrimination. One type of racism is racial profiling. It is a strategy that encourages police officers to stop and question minorities only because of their race. It takes place in a variety of routine police encounters. Unmotivated searches occur everyday among the minority groups. Could you imagine waking up and being scared to walk outside your house because of the color ofRead More Racial Profiling by Police Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesof our lives, including media, culture, and even the legal system. The police are there to protect and serve the community. Racial profiling has prevented police from serving all the community, because in their minds it has been segregated. This has often been disregarded while in reality, racial profiling has corrupted society’s perception of groups of people, especially in law enforcement. On our nations highways, police ostensibly looking for thugs and criminals routinely stop drivers basedRead MorePolice Brutality And Racial Profiling1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of police brutality and racial profiling is an unfortunate part of today’s society that needs to be addressed. Blacks are being stopped and searched by police officers in greater numbers compared to other races, and sometimes these situations escalate into violence. In the essay Blue On Black Violence: Freddie Gray, Baltimore, South Africa, the Quietism of Africana Christian Theology, author Darryl Scriven, a Philosophy professor at Florida AM University, reports th at, â€Å"CNN reported thatRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Police Force875 Words   |  4 Pagesthis nation we should fight for change in the police force, attempt to cease the embodiment of racial profiling, and support the efforts of those striving to bring about change. Many people might argue that the lack of training in the police force is more harmful to the officers than the effect it has on society. Leslie Pfeiffer mentions in her article â€Å"† that the Federal government devotes a shocking amount of money toward training, yet local police agencies are often left to fend for themselves†Read MoreEssay on Racial Profiling by Police1228 Words   |  5 Pages Racial profiling has become a severe obstacle in the U.S. today though most Americans know very little of this vital issue. Every day, people are being pulled over, harassed, and even killed for being of a certain race. There are new laws that politicians are trying to pass that promote racial discrimination. Racial profiling is immoral and does not increase public safety. Incarceration rates are a definite proof that racial discrimination occurs. â€Å"Incarceration rates in the United StatesRead More Racial Profiling by Police Essays929 Words   |  4 Pagesseizures†¦ (108). Under the Fourth Amendment the legal constraints placed on police and the rules they must follow for â€Å"Stop and Frisk† happened as a result of the â€Å"Terry v. Ohio â€Å"case (162). The constraints are that the police cannot stopped and frisk people without reasonable suspicion probable cause or a warrant. Before 1968 the police could search a suspect only if they had probable cause. After the Terry case the police may conduct a frisk search of a suspect’s outer clothing only if there wasRead MorePolice and Racial Profiling Essay2724 Words   |  11 Pages Can we stop the unjust practice of racial profiling? Is it correct for Police Officers to stop a black driver for an alleged traffic offense to question and sometimes search the black driver? These questions provoke the need to understand racial profiling and racism along with what problems are involved and the possible solutions. Doesnt the use of race make sense? Isnt it really just good police work? The guarantee to all persons of equal protection under the law is one of the most fundamentalRead MorePolice Brutality And Racial Profiling1902 Words   |  8 PagesPolice brutality refers to the intentional utilization of vituperations or extortionate force directed towards a country s citizens by the police force. This extortionate force may be physical or in form of psychological dauntingness. Police brutality is highly evident in many countries all over the world especially in the news where such cases are reported. It is optically discerned as a form of police malfeasance which involves sexual abuse, police corruption, erroneous apprehends, racial profilingRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Police Force1951 Words   |  8 PagesIn modern day society, the police force is meant to safeguard the lives of those they serve, to eliminate crime, to ensure public safety, and to do so in an honorable fashion. They are meant to be respected and trusted by those they potentially protect. Children often looked at them as modern day superheroes. At some point however, something changed and the neighborhood hero transformed into the villain. What happens when the ones people reach out to in a time of distress become the ones causingRead MorePolice Brutality And Racial Profiling Essay2484 Words   |  10 PagesPolice Brutality and Racial Profiling Police Brutality is defined as the use of excessive force by police officers when they encounter civilians. Police officers are defined as people who are responsible for the prevention of crime. Brutality is defined as, â€Å"savage, physical violence.† Police brutality has been alive and well for many years, but a majority of the cases had been recently. Dating back to the times of the Civil Rights Movement and even before, minorities have been treated with little

What Does Organizational Change Mean - 17842 Words

Available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on doi: 10.1006/mare.2001.0176 Management Accounting Research, 2001, 12, 403 435 What does organizational change mean? Speculations on a taken for granted category Paolo Quattrone* and Trevor Hopper†  Despite widespread research on why and how organizations change, what constitutes change is often taken for granted. Its definition is avoided. Studies based on individuals’ rational choice imply that change flows from purposive actions in accordance with an objective, external reality whereas contextualism argues that change results from institutional pressures, isomorphisms and routines. But both depict change as the passage of an entity, whether an organization or accounting practices, from one†¦show more content†¦Post-modernists and historical materialists (Miller and O’Leary, 1994, 1998; Arnold, 1998; Froud et al., 1998), and critical Marxists and Foucauldians (Neimark, 1990, 1994; Hoskin, 1994) have argued over whether accounting transformations represent exercises in rhetoric and ritual rather than practice, and the political implications of methodological choices for whether one is for, against or indifferent to the status quo. Yet despite all this eff ort, this paper will argue, little is known about what change is—its epistemological status is left unexamined. What the concept of change means, whether it can be conceptualized independently from its process and how these factors relate to the practice of accounting is taken for granted and is poorly understood. Latour contends that ignorance of key concepts in scientific analysis is commonplace: We know very little about what causes sciences, technologies, organizations and economies. Open books on social science and epistemology, and you will see how they use the adjectives and adverbs ‘abstract’, ‘rational’, ‘systematic’, ‘universal’, ‘total’, ‘complex’. Look for the ones that try to explain the nouns ‘abstraction’, ‘rationality’, ‘systems’, ‘universe’, ‘science’, ‘organization’, ‘totality’, ‘complexity’, without ever using the corresponding adjectives or adverbs, and you will be lucky to find a dozen. Paradoxically we know more about the Achuar, the Arapesh or the Alladians than we know aboutShow MoreRelatedThe School Of Public And Environmental Affairs1568 Words   |  7 PagesChange is to make the form, nature, content, future course, etc. of something different from what it is or from what it would be left alone (notes). Change is a continuous occurrence throughout the growth of organizations and their success can be correlated with how adaptable the organization is to these changes. SPEA’s current organizational structure is not working effectively, so in order to remedy this problem, we must change the organizational structure within SPEA. I have created a plan thatRead MoreChanges Within The Workplace After The Economy, Technology, And Globalization1355 Words   |  6 PagesChanges in the workplace due to the economy, technology, and globalization have affected many lives in modern day society. In addition, managerial approaches have influenced changes organizations have faced throughout the years, whi ch tend to affect an organization’s workforce. For example, some of the changes organizations have had to encounter have been around the following, but are not limited to employee productivity, employee and organizational inefficiency, employee’s personal and professionalRead MoreThe Interrelation Of Individual Coaching, Team, And Organizational Consulting1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe interrelation of individual coaching, group coaching, and organizational consulting In general, the word ‘coaching’ is used often in daily life. In consulting, coaching refers to providing ongoing leadership in which an individual, group, or organization receives assistance with the purpose of increasing skill levels and facilitating change. It is a type of practice in which the consultant supports their clients through a process for achieving their personal or professional goals. The consultantRead MoreMy Own Personal Organizational Fit1374 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is to present my own personal organizational fit. There will be some positives and some negatives. There are many self-assessments one can locate on the web to help understand one’s preferences and skills for an organizational fit. This is my analysis of some of the attributes I currently possess. These attributes are not permanently set in stone, as people change over time so will the attributes. To be honest, some will always stay the same. Most will change with learning, on hand s learning,Read MoreWhen Would Transactional Leadership Be Preferred? Transformational Leadership?892 Words   |  4 Pagesinspire others to realize higher and greatest levels of organizational commitment (Mosley Patrick, 2011). Though transformational leadership produces overall change for the better, as with any type of leadership, situational characteristics and desired outcomes should drive the leadership style (Phillips Gully, 2014). When an exchange of reward-for-performance and / or goal achievement is the desired result, rather than fundamental change, transactional leadership would be the preferred leadershipRead More Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay1022 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Businesses today often promote change to create a better more productive work environment. These changes occasionally produce unwanted results which were not expected or planned for. By monitoring organizational behavior unwanted or negative results can be minimized so change can be effective within an organization. Organizational behavior, organizational culture, diversity, communication, business ethics, and change management are all factorsRead MoreCommunication in Business in Changing External Environments1147 Words   |  5 Pages1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Describe the three basic characteristics of changing external environments †¢ Environmental change is the rate at which a company’s general and specific environments change. If the environment is stable, this means that the rate of change is slow; if the environment is dynamic, this means that the rate of change is fast. †¢ Environmental complexity is the number of external factors in the environment that affect organizations. Complex environments have many environmental factors; simple environmentsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Trends1159 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Organizational Behavior is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations. Organizational Culture is the basic pattern of common assumptions, values, and beliefs leading the way employees within an organization think about and act on problems and opportunities. Organizational Trends are patterns of change over time in some variable of interest. In this paper we will evaluate two trends in organizational behavior. The influence of ethics on decision-makingRead MoreThe Challenge of Organizational Communication714 Words   |  3 PagesThe Challenge of Organizational Communication video†¦ What does it all mean? It means that in recent years the world has been changing faster than ever before and becoming more complex than anyone could ever imagine. Katherine Miller points out 4 aspects of these changes that were barely on the radar 20 years ago, but today dominate much of our thinking. The first one is globalization. It has become a truism to say that we live in a global economy and participate in a global market. The emergeRead MoreThe Seven Steps Of A Healthy Organization1553 Words   |  7 PagesAt the beginning of doing my research I was not sure what Organizational culture was. In fact, I thought it some kind of innocuous entity with no real meaning at all, but I now know that it is so much more than that. Organizational culture is a companies back bone that determines the type of organization that it will be and what it values above all else. It also determines if it will have a healthy organizational culture or not and with it a great company can be constructed or demolished. The seven

Teenage Abortion Essays - 1162 Words

Teenage Women, Abortion and Law Abortion has always been a very controversial issue. This can be due to the fact that people have different beliefs that are emphasized by their own religion and set of moral values. Many people believe that abortion is wrong, but they believe that is it only wrong under certain circumstances. This could be true, but is it more right to kill for a specific reason than to just do it because you made an irresponsible decision? Because of the wide spectrum of religion and various moral beliefs, there will never be a right or wrong answer to abortion. Fact: Each year, one million American teenagers become pregnant, and 85% of these pregnancies are unintended. Four in every five Americans begin having†¦show more content†¦Some states allow a professional counseling instead of parental involvement. Fact: Restrictive abortion laws may worsen family communication rather than promote it. Abortion providers encourage teenagers to tell a parent or another important family member about their plans, and most teens do. Even without state laws, one or both parents of 61% of minors know about their daughters abortions. The younger the teen, the higher the likelihood that she has told her mother about the situation. Those young women who do not or cannot tell their parents, however, often have important reasons such as a family history of alcoholism, emotional or physical abuse, or incest. To involve such parents could invite further abuse of the teenager and other family members. New slide Rather than tell their parents - for whatever reason - some teenagers resort to unsafe, illegal abortions or try to perform the abortion themselves. In doing so, they risk serious injury and death, or in some cases, criminal charges. Fact: Restrictive laws endanger teens health by inhibiting them from seeking safe medical care early in pregnancy. New slide Doctors recommend that when a woman becomes pregnant - whether she plans to giveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Teenage Abortion1132 Words   |  5 PagesThe subject of teenage abortion, is an emotionally charged one. The two major groups are completely opposite in their beliefs. Rather than discuss the emotional views of those groups, I have chosen to research, write, and conclude based on factual material, concerning teenage abortion. A discussion of abortion as a definition is explained medically, and in a small part the emotional effects on the participant. I have chosen to report in a factual not an emotional manner. The direct definitionRead MoreTeenage Abortion Essay examples1177 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage Women, Abortion and Law Abortion has always been a very controversial issue. This can be due to the fact that people have different beliefs that are emphasized by their own religion and set of moral values. Many people believe that abortion is wrong, but they believe that is it only wrong under certain circumstances. This could be true, but is it more right to kill for a specific reason than to just do it because you made an irresponsible decision? Because of the wide spectrum of religionRead MoreNegative Effects Of Teenage Abortion1503 Words   |  7 Pagesthe effects of Teenage Abortion? At a young age, we do not have much say on what we want. A teen mother has part of the saying on the decision she wants to take. She does not only worry about how her decisions will influence her life, but as well as her child. Teenagers always take on their decision making without understanding the effects on them and their lives. About a quarter of all teenage pregnancies in the U.S. end in abortion. Teenage abortion is increasing a lot because teenage mother’s fearRead MoreTeenage Abortions1291 Words   |  6 Pages English 1C 23 March 2010 Risk in Teenage Abortions Teenagers should not be allowed to have abortions. There are too many risk; abortions can cause young women infertility, meaning they will not be able to have kids. Young women young women have to deal with extreme fetal pain during an abortion process; there is also the probability that some can die right there on the table and have drastic changes in there hormones. Studies have proven that abortions can lead to an increased chance of breastRead MoreAbortion a Problem for Teenage Girls3739 Words   |  15 PagesAbortion a problem for teenage girls The purpose of this essay is to bring awareness to the medical procedure of abortion, which is a very dangerous procedure that needs to be solved. The target audience is those teenage girls that are deciding to abort using irrelevant procedures. This problem is an increasing trend that is affecting younger and younger girls as time passes due to poor sex education involvement in schools, and family discussions. Sometimes girls have rational reasons of why theyRead MoreIs Abortion Really A Problem?1444 Words   |  6 Pagespregnancies end in abortion. This means that every four in ten women who find out they are pregnant unintentionally decide to not continue with the pregnancy. This equates to four out of every ten unplanned child being killed and not having a chance at a precious life(Abortions). Although many abortions occur each day, not everyone believes that abortion is really a problem. Truthfully, it is just like murder. Just as the country needs to limit the crime rate, t he rate at which abortions take place needRead MoreEssay about Mother Knows Best: Termination of Pregnancy796 Words   |  4 Pagesof whether or not we should allow abortion, or to grant pro-choice has been widely debated in our community lately. This topic is important for the morality of expectant mothers that are dealing with issues of feticide. In recent elections, abortion has become a main point of interest for democrats and republicans. Democrats are mainly pro-choice, while the republicans are preponderantly pro-life affiliates. Different arguments have been discussed as to why abortion should be legal, however, pro-choiceRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1275 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is a term use for terminating a human pregnancy, which most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. According to the survey that Abortion Rights Coalition of Canada have conducted in 2013, there is a total of 82, 869 Canadians has had an abortion. Abortion should be legalized due to specific circumstances like incidents, disabilities, and teenage pregnancy. Rape is an act sexual intercourse without the consent of the victim. When a woman gets raped, she experiences RapeRead MoreAbortion: Cause and Effect1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe Aftermath of an Abortion To have abortion or not is a very difficult choice to make. The final choice comes from religious and ethical beliefs. However, to have an abortion means to participate in a horrendous crime against humanity, God, and oneself. Abortion can also have deleterious effects on the mother’s health and well being. Many of the couples, mainly the mothers, that have an abortion tend to go into a state of depression known as Post-abortion syndrome. Negative effects on the mother’sRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1165 Words   |  5 PagesOn January 22, 1973, the freedom of women to make the decision to have an abortion was deemed legal after the Roe v. Wade trial. (Stewart) Since this trial, many people have voiced their opinions about whether or not abortion should be legal. Though abortion is safe for mothers, painless for the fetus and allows women to wait for the right time to have a child, it is not always accessible to women. By making abortion more accessible and less judgment based, the amount of unwanted pregnancies will

Corporate Finance

Question: Explain analysis of financial performance. Answer: Introduction: The given assignment is about an Australian company, ABC Learning Limited, a childcare service provider that achieved a dramatic growth the mid 2000s but it was liquidated voluntarily in the year 2008 and taken over by GoodStart Childcare in 2009 . The company is operating in New Zealand, U.S. and U.K. apart from Australia where ABC limited had occupied 25% of the total domestic market. The following study representing the analysis of financial performance of ABC Limited in the period 2000 as well as the non-financial strategic issues the company was facing. The financial analysis on the performance of the company is to be done by evaluating important financial and profitability significant ratios, capital structure and debt structure in connection to the failure of the company. Discussion: 1. Analysis of financial performance Financial performance of any company is a subjective measure through which it can be determined about the maximum utility of its assets in order to generate revenue and maintain growth and stability (Dittmar and Duchin 2016). This section of the study is comprised of evaluation of financial data of ABC limited for the years ended June 2005, June 2006 and June 2007 by considering key ratios- Profitability and financial that includes cash flow ratios, earnings ratios, asset management ratios, debt-borrowing ratios. From the given data it can be observed that the net profit margin of the company in the year 2005 was 14.61%, 13.22% in the year 2006 and 8.73% in the year 2007. This percentage shows decline in revenue generation of ABC approximately by 1.5 % from the year 2005 to 2006 but in the year 2007 the net profit declined with a high percentage of around 5.5%. Secondly, Earning before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) margin also showing huge decline in the year 2007 compared to the financial year 2006 and 2005. The EBIT margin in the year 2007 dropped to 16.74% from 22.98% in the year 2006 and 24.98% in the year 2005. Thirdly, another important factor for the analysis of financial performance is return on equity, return on assets and return on invested capital. According to the data of ABC limited provided for the three years 2005, 2006 and 2007 in appendix, the following results have been observed: Ratios 2005 2006 2007 Return on Equity 3.99% 4.30% 7.53% Return on Assets 3.28% 4.08% 5.11% Return on Invested Capital 5.55% 5.92% 6.32% The above table shows the increase in the return on equity, assets and invested capital over the three years, which was a positive sign even though the company was experiencing decline in the net profit margin and earnings margin. Return on equity indicates how much a company is providing profit to its investors and equity share holders whereas return on asset indicates the utilization capacity of the company from its underlying and owned assets. Further, return on invested capital indicates the income generating capacity from the capital invested by the company (Charlo, Moya and Muoz 2015). From the above table it can be observed that ABC Learning Limited had incurred increased rate of return over the years unlike gross and net profit margin. This implies that the efficiency of ABC in generating return for its operations as well as for satisfying the investors were quite good. On the other hand, the financial ratios used to analyze the performance of ABC Limited are current ratios, quick ratios, cash ratios, return on sales ratios apart from the profitability ratios mentioned above. These ratios can be determined as per the data provided in the appendix. Current ratio is determined by considering the current assets and current liabilities of ABC Learning Limited that is working capital ratio. In the given data working capital and revenue ratios given for the year 2005, 2006 and 2007 are -1.59%, 0.07% and -8.54% respectively. These results imply that ABC limited was not utilizing its working capital efficiently for generating its revenue. In the year 2007, the ratio declined with a huge difference and resulted to -8.5% while it was 0.07% in the year 2006. It can be said that ABC Learning Limited was declining in its performance and efficiency in respect to utilization of its assets and cash funds for generating revenues and profit that eventually affected its growth and sustainability in the later years. From the above analysis from the part (a) it is observed that ABC Learning Limited incurred negative profit margin in the later years of the its business i.e. in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 that indicates that the company was incurring losses or less profits on its operation of business. The decline in the revenue generation was more in the year 2007 in compared to the years 2005 and 2006. Further, it has also been observed that ABC Limited incurred negative working capital to revenues in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 that interprets the less efficiency in the performance and utilization of its current assets and current liabilities. Working capital indicates the availability of short-term funds so that a company can meet its short-term obligations and contingencies in order to run the business smoothly (Ortas, Gallegoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Alvarez and lvarez Etxeberria 2015). Apart from the above-mentioned negative ratios, it is observed that ABC Learning Limited had earned positive return on equity, return on assets and return on the capital invested by the company that indicates the earnings of company as a percentage of the total worth of interest of investors and owners. Whereas return on assets indicates, the total earning of the company as a percentage of total assets employed and return on invested capital is the percentage measurement of the profit or income earned by the company out of the value of capital invested (Lins, Servaes and Tamayo 2015). From the data of the financial years 2005, 2006 and 2007 it was noticed that ABC limited was earning returns in a positive and increasing trend that represents the utilization of the assets and capital employment to the fullest. Moreover, the current ratio of the company in the year 2005, 2006 and 2007 is 1.57, 1.81 and 0.27 respectively while quick ratio is 1.5, 1.77 and 0.27 respectively. This result indicates that the companys ability to meet its current obligations in the year 2005 and 2006 is according to the industrial standards that are more than one but it is not best, as the ratios are less than two. Whereas in the year 2007 the both current ratio and quick ratio are less than one that indicates the danger state of the ABC limiteds ability to pay off its current liabilities. In context to the above stated indications on the financial performance of ABC limited it can be commented that the company should utile its assets and short- term and current funds so that the current obligations could be met. Apart from this, it is also suggested that ABC could lower its cost of providing service without compromising on the quality so that the net profit margin could be increased. According to the information available, ABC Learning Centres Limited was found to liquidate voluntarily in the year 2008 and sold to GoodStart Childcare in the year 2009, the capital structure as per the latest financial year ended on 30th June 2007 is available. The capital employment of the company at the time of its liquidation comprised of Issued capital, reserves and retained earnings. The issued capital of ABC limited was around $1,744.5 million, reserves stood at $2.8 million and retained earnings amounted to $ (17.2) million. On the other hand, the capital structure of the company in the previous financial year 30th June 2006 was $1,635.0 million, reserves stood at $0.5 million and retained earnings amounted to $4.1 million. It was observed that the company-incurred huge loss in earnings in the year 2007 compared to that in the year 2006. Whereas, the reserves in the financial year 2006 was $0.5 million and that in 2007 it was $2.8 million. This data indicates that in the financial 2006, ABC had not transferred its earnings to reserves while in the year 2007 retained earnings showed negative balance but quite high balance in the reserves. Hence, it can be said that the company either transferred its earnings to its reserved fund and accordingly, represented negative balance on the other hand, the company if actually earned loss and carried forward its reserve fund balance from the previous financial year that seems impossible because the reserve balance in previous year 2006 was only $0.5 million. It has also been noticed that the there has been changes in the issued equity capital of the company in 2007. During the financial year 2006- 2007, the company had issued share based payment options due to that the equity capital of ABC limited had increased in the financial year 2007 before its liquidation. The strategies of the shareholders in this context were that the investors were positive about the return from the company and therefore, they invested further in the year 2006- 2007. The company also declared and paid dividend to the shareholders out of its retained earnings that are another reason shareholders were keen to invest in the shares of ABC Limited that were more in the financial year 2007 than in the years 2006 and 2005. Debt structure of ABC Learning Centre limited consisted of long-term debts and short-term debts that increased in each of the financial years of the company. In the financial year 2004-2005 the companys, long term debt $195.66 million that increased to $234.88 million in the year 2005-2006 and $ 610.40 million in the year 2006-2007. On the hand, short-term debt amounted to $4.45 million in the year 2005 that increased to $8.06 million in the year 2006 and $ 1,149.70 million in the year 2007. The above debt structure shows the huge increment in the debt funding of the company in the year 2007 compared to the previous years. It can be said that the company adopted this increased strategy in debt funding so that ABC Learning centre limited can leverage its capital structure. Further, it is also noticed that in order to operate its business and service and due to low amount of reserve fund balance the company adopted to borrow short term and long term funds that also helps to lower the cost of capital of the company. However, this strategy by a company is not advisable as the obligation to meet the short-term liability is not sufficient as the companys current ratio in the financial year 2007 is below 1 that means the efficiency of ABC to meet its obligation is not sufficient and eventually company had to decide to liquidate its business. In the above section of the solution, it was noted down that ABC Learning Centre Limited had borrowed funds in the financial years 2006, 2007 but in the year 2007 the company had borrowed huge amount of funds whereas earnings of the company resulted into negative balance. Moreover, the current ratio and quick ratio of the company was 0.27 that is quite less than the standard requirement in the industry while financial leverage in the year 2007 was 213.88%. On analyzing these data, it can be said that there was no consistency in the financial position, capital structure and working capital in the performance of the company. Additionally, profitability ratios that is net profit margin, earnings before interest and taxes margin, earnings before interest taxes and depreciation margin also discloses results in declining percentage in the year 2007 compared to that in the years 2005 and 2006. Further, percentage of working capital to revenue and working capital turnover also discloses nega tive balance. On evaluation of the above stated data, it is clear that ABC Learning Centre Limited faced financial and revenue generation in the years of 2000s. The financial performance of the company in the year 2007 seemed to be very poor that indicates one of the reasons of liquidate the business. Apart from that, the company also increased its financial leverage with a high increase in percentage. According to the management systems of an enterprise, it is a good financial strategy to leverage its capital funds but to certain limit whereas the selected company ABC Learning centre in this case adopted in high financial leverage strategy that is a negative management and business operating strategy. In order to manage the capital structure better, the finance team and management of ABC Learning Centre Limited are required to take certain steps to change the policy of funding their capital structure (Allen, Carletti and Marquez 2015). In the first place, the management is required to lower its debt funding values in the year 2007 so that the obligation to pay back the debts is reduced. Secondly, if the company wants to increase the capital component the management can do so by issue of ordinary securities that will lower its cost of capital employed. Additionally, ABC limited can also issue debentures at a standard interest rate instead of borrowed funds at high rate of interest. Thirdly, the company should maintain its retained earnings with positive balance that can be done by transferring lower balance to the reserve funds. 2. Analysis of strategic issues Apart from the financial strategies that faced by the ABC limited, there were non- financial strategic issues faced by the company in terms of social and political terms. In this context, it was observed that the ABC Learning Centre Limited failed to comply with internal control norms and internal risks that were associated with the valuations in connection with the operation of its business and services (Elsas and Florysiak 2015). Further, in relation to compliance of corporate laws and regulations as well as certain political norms can hamper the continuity of the operation of its business. It is very important for any company to follow the non-financial strategic issues apart from the financial issues so that the company can maintain its growth and sustainability in the market industry (Bernaoui, Issolah and Hassoun 2015). These issues can be quality of the service providing by the company, marketing strategy, compliance of the rules and principles for its employees etc (Sundaresan, Wang and Yang 2015). In case of ABC limited, child learning and care service provider the most important factor is the employee or man power therefore, the focus of the company should be on the fulfillment of basic requirements in regard to the compensation packages, proper work infrastructure, etc so that employees get motivation to work with the organization. Another issue that can be addressed is the focus on satisfying the needs of the clients and society that is providing them with better quality of service and benefits (Schepens 2016). As ABC limited was engaged in learning and care service provider hence it should focused on providing developmental issues, education awareness among the society, compliance of rules and regulations and duties as part of citizen of the society. According to the corporate laws and regulations, statutory reporting is the submission of financial statements that is mandatory for the use of shareholders and investors and government officials that has to be prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards or Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. In case of failure of submission of the statutory report, there are certain penalties and compensations levied on the management of the company that varies from countries to countries (Paroutis, Franco and Papadopoulos 2015). In case of selected company, ABC Learning Centre Limited one of the reasons for its liquidation could be failure in submission of its statutory reports. In the financial year 2007- 2008 the company did not prepare its annual reports and hence could not file its statutory reports due to which there was no information and results of performance of company available to the shareholders, creditors, governments and other personnel of the company (Watts and Ormsby 2015). In order to get the proper information about the companys performance for the purpose of investments or recovering of borrowed funds and taxes financial statement plays an important role. Moreover, the finance providers to the company in terms of long- term and short- term debts, it is important to evaluate the companys revenue generation, utilization of the assets. In addition, availability of working capital to meet the short-term obligations and payment of interests on loan etc should be evaluated so that the finance provider can analyze the recoverable value and chances (Hinterhuber and Krauthammer 2015). In case of ABC limited as the company failed to provide the statutory reports, the finance providers were not able to relate the companys efficiency in repaying back the borrowed fund. ABC faced these important issues in the financial years 2000s that resulted the management to take a step to liquidate the company on voluntary decision in 2008 and sold to another learning company of Australia in December 2009. There are generally, four types of business model are manufacturing, Distributing, Retailing and Franchising. However, in case of service sector, manufacturing business model cannot be preferred but other three types can be considered. In order to get more success in business, the management of the company ABC limited could have opted franchising busing model. In this business model, the owner can sell the franchisee to other company or individual and the right to use and operate the business on behalf of the main company (Graham, Leary and Roberts 2015). Further, the franchisee should be transferred to the company or individual who is efficient in operating business and marketing strategy so that it can earn more profits and fulfill the compliance of reporting and other governmental requirements. On the other hand, the capital structure of the company is also required to be changed by issuing ordinary shares or debentures either on face value or at premium as well as the debt funding should be reduced so that the obligation to repay off the debt burden could be reduced. Apart from that, working capital of the company should also be maintained so that the current ratio can be increased. Moreover, in relation to political and governmental issues, ABC limited can apply for the governmental assistance as its core business is learning and care to children but for this assistance, the company should comply with the requirements of filing returns, payment of tax liabilities and other requirements on time. In order to enter into the childcare industry an entrepreneur might require facing certain barriers that can be structural barrier, strategic barrier or financial barrier (Hipp, Bernhardt and Allmendinger 2015). Structural barrier refers to the format of conducting the foster business in terms of different departments like care takers department, financing department, materials suppliers, place of business management etc (Patrick, Stephens and Weinstein 2016). It is very important for a business to plan and structure its operations well so that the business can sustain in the long run. Secondly, strategic barrier is another barrier that is faced in child care market. Strategic barrier is related to the types of childcare service to be provided, infrastructure facility, fulfillment of basic needs in context to prove education and other skills (White 2016). Thirdly, financial management could also be the important barrier to be taken care of by the service providers so that their cost of service could be lower without affecting the quality and revenue generation could be higher so that a decent amount of profit can be plough back to the business (Pilarz, Claessens and Gelatt 2016). As per the discussion it can be concluded that the above mentioned barriers are primary barriers that every marketer should analyze before entering into the child care market, therefore considered to be high. This is because this industry is related to the care, protection and education of children that is quite sensitive and hence the business owners should pay heed to these important factors. 3. Executive Summary and Conclusions: The conclusion of ABC Learning Centers Limited in relation to the financial performance can be made that the company in the years of 2000, were declining. The company was generating losses and negative returns as well as low maintenance of funds that affected its sustainability. Apart from that, the company faced strategic issues in relation to the compliance of statutory regulations, corporation laws and principles that resulted in negative impact to its stakeholders. On considering these issues, it was recommended that the company could restructure its capital employment by issuing ordinary shares or debentures instead of borrowing long term debts at high interest rates. The company could also restructure its financial position by asking its creditors to waive of certain amount of amounts outstanding. Moreover, it is true that every business enterprise have to face certain basic barriers in the industry before and after entering the market that needs to evaluated and addressed properly in order to grow and sustain in the market. 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